look(看)see(看见)watch(观看 手表)
辨析:都与'看'有关,但侧重点不同
look:强调看的动作,不一定看到结果 — Look at the blackboard.
see:强调看的结果,看到 — I can see a bird.
watch:强调专注地看,常指看运动中的事物 — watch TV / watch a game
listen(听)hear(听见)
辨析:都与'听'有关,listen强调动作,hear强调结果
listen:强调听的主动动作 — Listen to me carefully.
hear:强调听到的结果 — I can hear someone singing.
speak(说)say(说)tell(告诉)talk(/谈话)
辨析:都与'说'有关,用法各不相同
speak:强调说话的能力或动作,后接语言 — speak English / speak to sb.
say:强调说的内容 — He said he was tired.
tell:告诉,强调传递信息 — tell sb. sth. / tell a story / tell a lie
talk:强调交谈、对话 — talk with/to sb. about sth.
big(大的)large(大的)great(伟大的)
辨析:都表示'大',但用法和感情色彩不同
big:常指体积、面积、重量等大,口语化 — a big house / a big apple
large:较正式,常指面积、数量、容量大 — a large population / a large amount
great:常指伟大、重大,带感情色彩 — a great man / a great idea
small(小的)little(小的)
辨析:都表示'小',small偏客观,little偏主观感情
small:客观描述大小,不带感情 — a small village / a small dog
little:带有感情色彩,常含可爱、怜悯之意 — a poor little girl / little time
tall(高的)high(高的)
辨析:都表示'高',tall指细长的高,high指从底到顶的距离大
tall:指人、树、建筑等细长物的高 — a tall man / a tall tree
high:指位置高、价格高、温度高等 — a high mountain / high price
beautiful(美丽的)handsome(英俊的)pretty(漂亮的)
辨析:都表示'好看',但适用对象和程度不同
beautiful:最常用,形容女性、风景、事物,程度最强 — a beautiful woman / beautiful scenery
handsome:常形容男性英俊,也可形容女性端庄 — a handsome man / a handsome car
pretty:形容小巧精致的美,程度较轻 — a pretty girl / a pretty dress
good(好的)well(好(重复))
辨析:good是形容词,well是副词(作健康讲时是形容词)
good:形容词,修饰名词 — a good student / good news
well:副词修饰动词;作形容词表示身体健康 — He plays well. / I'm not well.
also(也)too(也)either(两者之一(重复))
辨析:都表示'也',also和too用于肯定句,either用于否定句
also:较正式,放在句中 — She also likes music.
too:较口语,放在句末 — I like it too.
either:用于否定句句末 — I don't like it either.
already(已经)yet(还(重复))still(仍然)
辨析:already和yet常与完成时连用,still表示仍然
already:已经,用于肯定句 — I have already finished it.
yet:还,用于否定句和疑问句 — Have you finished yet? / Not yet.
still:仍然,表示动作继续 — He is still sleeping.
affect(影响)effect(效果)
辨析:affect是动词,effect是名词,都表示'影响'
affect:动词,影响 — The weather affects my mood.
effect:名词,效果/影响 — The effect of the medicine is obvious.
accept(接受)receive(收到,接待)
辨析:receive强调收到,accept强调接受(主观意愿)
accept:接受,表示主观同意 — I accepted his invitation.
receive:收到,表示客观事实 — I received a letter yesterday.
borrow(借用)lend(借出)
辨析:borrow是借入,lend是借出,方向相反
borrow:借入,从别人那里借 — borrow money from the bank
lend:借出,借给别人 — lend me your pen
bring(带来)take(拿)fetch(取来)carry(携带)
辨析:都表示'带/拿',方向和方式不同
bring:带来,朝说话人方向 — Bring your homework here.
take:带走,远离说话人方向 — Take this letter to the post office.
fetch:去取来,往返动作 — Fetch me a glass of water.
carry:搬运、携带,不强调方向 — carry a heavy box / carry an umbrella
win(赢)beat(打败)
辨析:win后接比赛/奖项,beat后接对手
win:赢得,后接比赛、奖项、战争 — win the game / win a prize
beat:打败,后接对手 — beat the other team / beat him
wear(穿)put on(穿上)dress(连衣裙 穿衣)
辨析:wear强调穿着状态,put on强调穿的动作,dress可指穿衣动作或状态
wear:穿着,表示状态 — She is wearing a red dress.
put on:穿上,表示动作 — Put on your coat. It's cold.
dress:给…穿衣(动作);穿着(状态) — dress the baby / dress well
rise(上升)raise(举起)arise(出现)
辨析:rise不及物(自己升起),raise及物(使…升起),arise表示出现/发生
rise:不及物,自己上升 — The sun rises. / Prices are rising.
raise:及物,使…上升/提高 — raise your hand / raise prices
arise:出现、发生(问题、情况) — A problem arose. / arise from
lay(放置)lie(躺)
辨析:lay是及物(放置),lie是不及物(躺)。过去式易混淆:lay-laid-laid vs lie-lay-lain
lay:及物,放置、下蛋 — lay the book on the desk / lay eggs
lie:不及物,躺、位于 — lie on the bed / The city lies on the river.
sit(坐)seat(座位)
辨析:sit是不及物动词(坐),seat是及物动词(使…就座)
sit:不及物,坐 — Sit down, please.
seat:及物,使就座;名词座位 — Seat yourself. / take a seat
hire(/雇佣)rent(租金 租)employ(雇佣)
辨析:hire租用(短租/物/人),rent租用(长租/房屋),employ雇佣(人)
hire:短期租用或雇佣 — hire a car / hire a worker
rent:长期租用房屋等 — rent an apartment / rent out
employ:正式雇佣 — The company employs 500 workers.
rob(抢劫)steal(偷)
辨析:rob抢劫(人/地点),steal偷窃(物)
rob:抢劫,宾语是人或地点 — rob a bank / rob a man
steal:偷窃,宾语是物 — steal a car / steal money
worth(值得的)worthy(值得的)worthwhile(值得的)
辨析:都表示'值得',但搭配不同
worth:后接动名词或金额 — worth reading / worth 100 dollars
worthy:后接of+名词/被动不定式 — worthy of attention / worthy to be considered
worthwhile:作表语或定语,值得做的 — a worthwhile effort / It's worthwhile.
real(真实的)true(真的)
辨析:real强调真实存在,true强调符合事实
real:真实的,确实存在的 — real life / real gold
true:正确的,符合事实的 — a true story / come true
sick(生病的)ill(生病的)
辨析:都表示'生病的',用法略有差异
sick:美式英语常用,可作定语和表语;还有恶心之意 — a sick child / feel sick
ill:英式英语常用,只作表语 — He is ill. (不说 an ill man)
sure(确定的)certain(确定的)
辨析:都表示'确定的',certain比sure更正式
sure:口语化,主观确信 — I'm sure he will come.
certain:更正式,客观确定 — It is certain that he will come.
house(房子)home(家)family(家庭)
辨析:house指建筑,home指家(感情),family指家庭/家人
house:指建筑物,住宅 — a big house / sell the house
home:指家,有感情色彩 — go home / my home town
family:指家庭成员或家族 — My family are all tall. / a big family
street(街道)road(道路)way(方式)path(小路)
辨析:都表示'路',但含义不同
street:城市中的街道,两侧有建筑 — walk along the street
road:公路、道路,连接城市之间 — a country road / road to success
way:方式、方向、路途 — on the way / this way please
path:小径、小路 — a garden path / a path through the forest
job(工作)work(/工作)career(职业)profession(职业)
辨析:都和工作有关,但侧重点不同
job:可数名词,指具体的一份工作 — find a job / a part-time job
work:不可数名词,泛指工作、劳动 — hard work / go to work
career:职业生涯,长期事业 — a career in medicine
profession:专业职业,需专业训练 — the teaching profession
travel(/旅行)trip(旅行)journey(旅程)voyage(航行)tour(旅行)
辨析:都表示'旅行',但方式和范围不同
travel:泛指旅行,不可数 — air travel / travel abroad
trip:短途旅行,可数 — a business trip / a day trip
journey:长途旅行,可数 — a long journey by train
voyage:航海旅行 — a voyage across the Atlantic
tour:观光旅游,有行程 — a guided tour / tour the city
have(有)there be()
辨析:have表示拥有,there be表示存在
have:拥有、持有 — I have a car. / She has two brothers.
there be:表示某处存在某物 — There is a book on the desk.
happy(快乐的)glad(高兴的)cheerful(高兴的)delighted(高兴的,愉快的)
辨析:都与快乐有关,但程度和侧重点不同
happy:最常用,一般性的快乐 — I'm happy to see you.
glad:因某事而高兴,常用于客套 — I'm glad you could come.
cheerful:性格开朗,积极乐观 — She has a cheerful personality.
delighted:非常高兴,令人愉悦 — I'm delighted to meet you.
sad(悲伤的)sorrowful()gloomy(阴暗的)depressed(抑郁的)
辨析:都与悲伤有关,但程度不同
sad:最常用,一般性的悲伤 — I feel sad about the news.
sorrowful:深沉的悲伤,悲痛 — a sorrowful expression
gloomy:阴郁、暗淡、沮丧 — a gloomy day / gloomy mood
depressed:抑郁的,长期低落 — She's been depressed for months.
angry(生气的,愤怒的)furious(狂怒的)mad(疯的)annoyed()
辨析:都与生气有关,程度递增
annoyed:有点烦,轻微不满 — I'm annoyed by the noise.
angry:生气的,较常用 — He was angry at the delay.
mad:口语中指生气,也可指疯狂 — Are you mad at me?
furious:暴怒的,极度愤怒 — She was furious about the decision.
afraid(害怕的)frightened(受惊的,害怕的)scared(害怕的,恐惧的)terrified()
辨析:都与害怕有关,程度递增
afraid:最常用,一般性的害怕 — I'm afraid of spiders.
scared:口语化,受惊吓 — Don't be scared.
frightened:正式些,受惊的 — The frightened child cried.
terrified:极度恐惧 — She was terrified of the dark.
think(想)consider(考虑)ponder(沉思)reflect(反映)
辨析:都与思考有关,深度和方式不同
think:最常用,一般的思考 — I think it's a good idea.
consider:仔细考虑,权衡 — Please consider my proposal.
ponder:深思,反复琢磨 — He pondered the question for hours.
reflect:反思,回顾 — She reflected on her past mistakes.
know(知道)understand(理解)comprehend(理解)grasp(抓住)
辨析:都与理解有关,深度不同
know:知道,了解事实 — I know the answer.
understand:理解,明白含义 — I understand what you mean.
comprehend:全面理解,领悟 — I can't comprehend this theory.
grasp:抓住要点,领会 — She quickly grasped the concept.
remember(记得)recall(回忆)remind(提醒)memorize(记忆)
辨析:都与记忆有关,但方向和方式不同
remember:记得,回忆起 — I remember her name.
recall:主动回想,追忆 — I can't recall where I put it.
remind:提醒某人 — Remind me to call him.
memorize:背诵,刻意记住 — Memorize these vocabulary words.
ask(问)request(/请求)demand(/要求)beg(乞求)
辨析:都与请求有关,语气和态度不同
ask:最常用,一般的问/请求 — Can I ask you a question?
request:正式请求 — We request your cooperation.
demand:强烈要求,不容拒绝 — I demand an explanation.
beg:恳求,乞求 — She begged him to stay.
explain(解释)illustrate(说明)demonstrate(证明)clarify(澄清)
辨析:都与解释说明有关,方式不同
explain:解释,说明原因 — Please explain this rule.
illustrate:举例说明,图示 — Let me illustrate with an example.
demonstrate:示范,演示 — She demonstrated how to use it.
clarify:澄清,使之清楚 — Can you clarify your point?
walk(/走)stroll(散步,漫步)stride(大步走)march(行军 三月)wander(漫步)
辨析:都与走路有关,方式和态度不同
walk:最常用,一般的走 — I walk to school every day.
stroll:悠闲散步 — We strolled along the beach.
stride:大步走,自信地走 — He strode into the room.
march:齐步走,行军 — The soldiers marched forward.
wander:漫无目的地走 — She wandered through the market.